In wastewater operations, what is a primary factor affecting the efficiency of biological treatment?

Water temperature is a primary factor affecting the efficiency of biological treatment in wastewater operations because it influences the metabolic rates of the microorganisms responsible for breaking down organic matter. Microorganisms thrive within specific temperature ranges, usually between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). If the temperature is too low, biological activity decreases, leading to slower degradation rates and potentially incomplete treatment. Conversely, excessively high temperatures can be detrimental to microbial populations, which may lead to a decline in treatment efficiency.

In biological processes such as activated sludge, balanced temperature conditions are essential for optimal growth of bacteria and other microorganisms that digest organic pollutants. Therefore, maintaining an appropriate water temperature is crucial for achieving effective wastewater treatment.