What role does bacteria play in a wastewater treatment plant?

Bacteria play a crucial role in the wastewater treatment process primarily by promoting the breakdown of organic matter. In treatment facilities, bacteria are employed in processes such as aerobic and anaerobic digestion, where they metabolize and decompose organic pollutants present in the wastewater. This biological process effectively reduces the concentration of harmful substances and simplifies the treatment of waste.

The action of bacteria in breaking down organic matter converts it into simpler compounds, ultimately resulting in cleaner effluent that can be safely released into the environment or reused. This biological treatment is essential because it helps to stabilize the waste, reduce odors, and prevent the accumulation of solids in the system.

Other options do not accurately describe the primary function of bacteria in wastewater treatment. While bacteria do play roles in filtering and potentially influencing pathogen levels, their fundamental contribution lies in their ability to decompose organic material.